《Sharing Materi with IWF》Alur
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Tanggal: Selasa, 29 Agustus 2017.
Materi: Alur
Pemateri: Sherlen
Notulen: Hilda
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malam
Pada hari ini saya akan membawakan materi tentang alur. Untuk yang ada pertanyaan bisa langsung bertanya
(?)Sebelumnya pasti sudah pada tahu alur itu apa kan?
(+)jalan cerita(?)
Baik, memang benar. Semuanya pasti mengira kalau alur pada intinya adalah sebuah jalan cerita.
Baik tidaknya cerita itu juga salah satu kunci utamanya adalah alur yang baik.
Tapi secara lengkapnya apa itu alur?
yaitu rangkaian peristiwa yang memiliki hubungan sebab akibat sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan yang padu, bulat, dan utuh.
Alur sendiri mempunyai tahapan agar cerita yang dibentuk jadi sistematis/beruntut.
Tahapan alur:
1. Pengenalan cerita (intro)
2. Awal konflik (complication)
3. Masuknya konflik (rising action)
4. Konflik memuncak (climax)
5. Leraian
6. Penyelesaian (ending)
Saya akan menjelaskan satu per satu tahapannya.
1. (intro)
Di bagian ini, penulis mengawali cerita dengan memperkenalkan tokoh utama, penataan adegan, dan penceritaan tentang hubungan antar tokoh.
2. (complication)
Penulis mulai memunculkan suatu konflik utama yang akhirnya merambat hingga menimbulkan berbagai masalah dalam cerita.
3. (rising action)
Di bagian ini, pengarang semakin meningkatkan permasalahan yang dihadapi tokoh.
4. (climax)
Bagian ini merupakan puncak permasalahan yang dihadapi tokoh. Di bagian ini pula, tokoh dihadapkan dalam penentuan nasib yang dialaminya. Keberhasilan atau kegagalan biasanya menjadi penentuan nasib tokoh.
5.
Biasa disebut juga dengan resolusi. Dalam bagian ini peristiwa konflik mulai mereda dan perkembangan alur mulai terungkap.
6. (ending)
Saat konflik yang terjadi telah selesai/telah mencapai titik terangnya.
Dalam alur juga ada Kalian pasti sudah tahu kan atau setidaknya pernah dengar yang namanya:
Saya akan jelaskan dulu jenis-jenis alur yang saya sebutkan tadi.
Jenis-jenis alur:
1.
Pada cerita dengan alur ini, justru klimaksnya berada di akhir cerita. Rangkaian peristiwa dalam alur maju berawal dari masa awal hingga masa akhir cerita dengan urutan waktu yang teratur dan beruntut.
Tahapan pada alur maju:
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Pengenalan → Muncul konflik → Klimaks → Antiklimaks → Penyelesaian
2.
Alur ini menceritakan masa lampau yang menjadi puncak masalah/klimaks di awal cerita. Rangkaian peristiwa dalam alur mundur berawal dari masa lampau ke masa kini dengan susunan waktu yang tidak sesuai dan tidak beruntut.
Tahapan pada alur mundur:
Penyelesaian → Antiklimaks → Klimaks → Muncul konflik → Pengenalan
3.
Alur ini diawali dengan klimaks, kemudian menceritakan masa lampau, dan dilanjutkan hingga tahap penyelesaian. Pada saat menceritakan masa lampau, tokoh dalam cerita dikenalkan sehingga saat cerita satu belum selesai, kembali ke awal cerita untuk memperkenalkan tokoh lainnya.
Tahapan pada alur campuran:
Klimaks → Muncul konflik → Pengenalan→ Antiklimaks → Penyelesaian.
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Q1: Saya pernah dengar tentang abstrak. Bedanya abstrak dengan intro apa ya?
A1: Sama saja, hanya namanya yang berbeda, menyesuaikan dengan tipe karya sastra.
Kalau dalam struktur cerpen, kata intro disebut sebagai abstrak/abstraksi.
Abstrak dan intro sama saja berisikan tentang ringkasan cerita
Q2: Kalau misalkan kita bikin alurnya tuh kek konflik dl trus konflik 1 selesai, trus bikin konflik lagi abis itu konflik 2 selesai. Gini gpp?
A2: Bisa
Asalkan setiap konflik baru yang diciptakan itu bisa diselesaikan sampai tuntas
Jangan sampai membuat pembaca pada akhirnya bingung ketika cerita telah berakhir tapi masih ada konflik yang belum terselesaikan
Q3: Itu semua tahapannya harus ada atau ada yang sifatnya opsional?
A3:Untuk leraian/resolusi sifatnya opsional
Tapi alangkah baiknya kalau setiap tahapan itu ada agar jalan cerita jadi lebih runtut
Q4: Gmna kalo cerpen yg gk ada konfliknya. Misalnya dia cuman bercanda2 doang..?
A4: Lebih baik ada konflik tapi konfliknya ringan
Karena salah satu ciri-ciri cerpen adalah habis dibaca sekali duduk dan tidak melukiskan seluruh kehidupan pelakunya.
Artinya permasalahan yang terjadi seharusnya bisa langsung dimengerti oleh pembaca ketika membacanya.
Q5: Kalo misalnya kita bikin si tokohnya selalu hidup sendirian itu konflik gk?
A5: Itu termasuk penyebab konflik. Karena dengan hidup sendirian seperti itu pasti si tokohnya ini pernah setidaknya sekali merasa kesepian/membutuhkan orang lain.
Rasa kesepian itulah yang namanya konflik.
Q6: Kalau konfliknya agak menganu? Konflik satu belum selesai, tambah konflik baru.
A6: Kalau konfliknya ringan bisa coba untuk ke konflik lain. Tapi pada akhirnya setiap konflik yang dibuat tetap harus diselesaikan.
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